Kidney Enlargement in Children (Hydronephrosis)
Hydronephrosis is a condition where the kidneys and urinary tract become enlarged due to urine retention, occurring in about 1% of all pregnancies. Urine, after being produced in the kidney, flows into a reservoir called the renal pelvis. It then passes through the ureter to reach the bladder, where it is stored before being excreted. Any congenital or acquired condition that disrupts the normal flow of urine can lead to its accumulation in the urinary tract, causing overall dilation.
Common Causes of Hydronephrosis in Children
- Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Narrowing at the junction where the kidney connects to the ureter.
- Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR): Backflow of urine from the bladder to the kidneys.
- Ureterovesical Junction Obstruction: Narrowing where the ureter meets the bladder.
- Posterior Urethral Valves: Congenital narrowing of the urethra.
Prognosis and Treatment
Hydronephrosis often resolves on its own, but surgical intervention may be required in cases of:
- Loss of kidney function
- Increasing severity of hydronephrosis
- Recurrent urinary tract infections
- High blood pressure
- Stone formation
Surgeries for hydronephrosis are performed by pediatric urology specialists. Given the importance of kidney health, follow-up with pediatric nephrologists is also recommended.
