Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism)
During fetal development, testicles form near the kidneys and gradually descend into the scrotum (the sac that houses the testicles) as the baby grows. In about 1% of newborns, this descent does not complete, leaving the testicle located between the kidney region and the scrotum. This condition is called undescended testicle. The descent may continue for up to six months after birth; however, if the testicle has not descended by the 6th month, it is unlikely to do so spontaneously.
Importance of Testicle Position
The scrotum provides an optimal environment for testicular function at a temperature of approximately 33°C. If the testicle remains in the groin (35°C) or abdomen (37°C), the higher temperature can harm the testicle over time. Initially, it causes the loss of sperm-producing cells, eventually leading to shrinkage of the testicle. Research shows that by age two, sperm-producing cells are absent in undescended testicles. The timing of this damage depends on the testicle's location, with those in the groin being most common, though some may remain in the abdomen.
Treatment
After six months of age, treatment for undescended testicle is surgical. The procedure involves accessing the groin area, freeing the testicle, and securing it in the scrotum with sutures. If the testicle is far from the scrotum, the procedure may need to be performed in two stages or involve laparoscopic techniques to mobilize the testicle from the abdomen. The exact surgical approach is determined during a physical examination.
